african women and music essays

african ladies and music articles The motivation behind this report was for me to investigate and investigate the association between African American ladies and music. Since preceding the slave decades, music has been a fundamental piece of African American culture, and filled in as a type of social, financial, and passionate help in African American people group in the over a wide span of time. This paper will cover three distinct sorts of common music that rose during the slave days, through the common war, remaking, and despondency periods. They are blues, jazz, and gospel music. Every one of these types of music are still in presence today. Notwithstanding investigating the historical backdrop of every one of these kinds of music, this report will distinguish three African American female music legends, Bessie Smith, Emma Barrett, and Mahalia Jackson. Blues rose in the period between the finish of the common war, and the start of the twentieth century. Starting in the fields of the provincial south, it got famous after the liberation of the slaves. In this type of music, the vocalist and arranger is one in the equivalent, a trademark not apparent in the profound melodies of the slave networks. Spirituals were to some degree a section route for blues. Blues followed blacks to urban social orders as spirituals followed the slaves onto the ranches. The contrasts between these kinds of music were that spirituals were aggregate, while an individual sang blues. Blues credited to the development of dark society toward independence after the aggregate society of subjection. Blues became know as the music of the dark regular workers. It was a route for African Americans to communicate the advanced issues of financial matters, social mistakes, and neediness and force battles they looked after they turned out to be free. African Americans we re all the while living in unfair social orders, where employments were elusive. They started to relocate north, yet the case continued as before. They utilized music for financial increase in dance club, corner corridors, distributing, and rec... <!

The Rainbow Essays

Why a Human Mind Seeks Attraction to a Beach Essay

Why a Human Mind Seeks Attraction to a Beach - Essay Example Each human psyche is connected with nature at a specific plane. What's more, not a solitary individual can overlook its strong presence and ceaseless effect on the brain and life of a man. A few people are pulled in to compelling snowâ€capped mountains, some to green vales. A few personalities lose all sense of direction in the puzzle of the forested areas and some lose their heart at the thundering floods of a sea which pounds at the sea shore and to contact their feet. The magnificence of a brilliant sea shore lying as a stretch on the bank of an ocean or a sea is consistently alluring for the greater part of the individuals. It doesn't charm the indefinite quality of woods and hardship of mountains. For an ideal goal to unwind, revive and feel the jollity and warmth of life, sea shore is the best retreat. It doesn't include any physical hardship to remain or arrive at a sea shore. Also, the magnificence of a sea shore is in every case all the more investigating with the advance ment in the hour clock. The shading plan of the stretch of land changes with the evolving season. This celebrates the emanation of the sea shore pulling in a large number of traveler over the world consistently. Proposition Statement This exposition means to break down and investigate the reasons why a human brain looks for fascination in a sea shore and attempts to depict the magnificence and favors of nature gave to this physical element on earth. Excellence of a Beach To numerous individuals it may appear at the beginning that a stretch of land secured with sand and rock can't appear to be really wonderful. In any case, to numerous other people who have been pulled in, captivated and hypnotized with the brilliance, appeal and mystery of a sea shore realize that what intrigues them towards the stretch of land truly. The brilliant sand ridges and the rough precipices arranged at the shore of a huge water-body yielding grand and massive waves is a sight to watch from a significant s eparation. The immense waves thunder like thunder and afterward pulverize and destroy on the banks. It appears that their forceful presence some place miss the mark, minor and small before the brilliant stretch of land (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, â€Å"When Sand Dunes Have Been Destroyed†). The sea shore that is rough or has bluffs is simply one more delightful exhibition of nature. The waves developing from the center of the sea, takes a brilliant quality before pulverizing down to the stones and bluffs on the sea shore. It appears that those bluffs are the ring expert of a bazaar subduing a lion, preparing it for the show. The brute may thunder, deny, show its unselfishness however before the unshakable presence of the ring expert and his nimble tracker, the monster is should capitulate and separate. A similar display advances before the eyes of an individual who remains at the rough sea shore and watches the waves smashing down before the Rocky Mountains arranged at the sea shore. The devastating of the waves produces excellent froth which appears to be some bunch of stray mists on a blue sky. The lovely psyche which works over the unremarkable logical hypotheses of every day life sees it as an impression of the wonders occurring up in the sky (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, â€Å"When Sand Dunes Have Been Destroyed†). Dawn and nightfall both happen with vivacity and magnificence at the sea shore. Sun and the sand play all during that time changing mind-set and shading with the passing season. With its first beam the sun transforms the sea shore into a coffin of red light. The air gets warm gradually and the waves hit the dance floor with the beams of the sun

Kmml free essay sample

Hierarchical AND FUNCTIONAL DETAILS OF THE KERALA MINERALS AND METALS LTD. (KMML) GENERAL Date of Incorporation:16th February 1972 Address:Sankaramangalam P. O Chavara, Kollam-691 583 Phone/E-mail/Fax:0476 - 2686722 to 2686733 (12 lines) [emailprotected] vsnl. net. in 0476-2680101, 2686721 Administrative Department:Industries office (Under Govt. ) Name of the Chairman:Sri. A. K LUKE. Name of the Managing Director:Sri. A. K LUKE. Present activities:Separation of Minerals and assembling of Tio2 Organizational Details Govt. f Kerala fused Kerala Minerals and Metals Limited in the year 1972 by gaining the FXP Mineral plant (set up in 1932) from a private business visionary. With share capital of Rs. 30. 93 crores, the plant had an all out cost of Rs. 144 crores. This is just the primary completely coordinated Titanium Dioxide plant on the planet in a similar grounds. KMML has made a permanent imprint in the field of mining, mineral preparing and assembling. The organization is India†™s sole maker of Rutile grade Titanium Dioxide by Chlorine course. We will compose a custom exposition test on Kmml or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page KMML additionally makes mineral sand like Ilmenite, Natural Rutile, Zircon and Intermediary items like Synthetic course (Beneficiated Ilmenite), Titanium Tetra Chloride and changing over the waste iron oxide in to blocks (towards zero waste innovation) for building reason. Initially, an uncommon earth mineral partition plant till 80’s, KMML started its renowned shade creation with an authorized limit of 48000 MT for each year and the plant had an introduced ability to deliver 22,000 MT Per year. The exertion for debottlenecking and steady extension in the previous years turned into a reality in 2005 and the introduced limit was pronounced as 40,000 MT for every annum. As of late, KMML-ISRO-VSSC went into a MOU for the creation of Titanium Metal/wipe which is viewed as an achievement in the historical backdrop of KMML. Useful Details The Kerala Minerals And Metals Ltd has two units viz, Titanium Dioxide Pigment Unit and Mineral Separation Unit. The authoritative structure comprises of a Managing Director helped by two General Managers. There are Joint General Managers, Deputy General Managers, Asst. Head supervisors, Mangers in different depts. /areas of the organization. The plant is working nonstop and the creation procedure is masterminded in three movements viz, A,B and C with eight hours. The regulatory wing is working all in all move from 9. 00 am to 5. 00 pm. The organization has given a sponsored container in the premises according to arrangements of Factories Act. The assembling procedure is isolated in to five units, for example, : 1. Ilmenite Beneficiation Plant (IBP) 2. Corrosive Regeneration Plant (ARP) 3. Units 200 4. Unit 300/O2 5. Unit 400 different exercises of the plant as a reactant procedure to the creation procedure are additionally isolated in to numerous units/Depts. furthermore, they are: 1. Utility plant 2. Focal Mechanical Repair Shop (CMRS) 3. Electrical Repair Shop (ERS) 4. Instruments Repair Shop (IRS) 5. Research Development (RD) 6. Advertising 7. Plant Technical Service (PTS) 8. Materials Dept. 9. Money Dept. 10. Faculty Administrative Dept. 11. Tasks 12. Mineral Separation Unit (MS Unit _____________________

The advantages and disadvantages of coursework as a means of Essay

The focal points and impediments of coursework as a methods for appraisal - Essay Example Relegating coursework helps instructor in investigating each student’s qualities and shortcomings. A few understudies are acceptable at talking while others are acceptable at composing. Course works likewise spare time of both understudy and instructors. Educators can't be with understudies throughout the day, yet doling out course works helps instructors in evaluating every individual student’s abilities. As I see, development of web is the primary issue of coursework. No longer youngsters depict their own perspective concerning their alloted errands and reorder the thoughts, raw numbers of others. Prior to the appearance of web, allocating coursework to understudies used to be extremely effective as it helped them in outlining their own imagination in their coursework, yet these days, course works are increasingly disposed towards counterfeiting. Now and again, even the understudy doesn’t recognize what he has written in assignments. As an issue of deciding how much data an understudy has accomplished from a coursework, as I would like to think, is a pointless instrument. The emphasis is more on introducing the task as opposed to picking up something out of it. In genuine, there’s small picking up occurring in coursework situations and the propensity of friends to duplicate each other’s task is higher. Because of the explanation of duplicate glue marvels, colleges, schools and universities are presently increasingly worried in putting resources into literary theft identifying programming so anything which is lifted from the web can be distinguished. Coursework has consistently been the most valuable and powerful device to upgrade the capacities of understudies, yet the coming of web is making it inadequate. It is vital for instructors to plan and allocate the coursework in a manner that there are lesser odds of appropriating and higher possibilities boosting student’s abilities. Maybe, by the little adjustments it will be plausible to reestablish the adequacy in

Types of Paper Writers

Types of Paper WritersIn the era of computers and internet accessibility, paper writer is an important device used by many organizations today. To ensure that the record and correspondence are kept in order, it has become mandatory to keep a proper record in the form of handwritten or typed letter.Paper works as a medium of writing messages as well as communications. It is sometimes referred to as a document writer or courier. There are many types of paper, which can be used for different purposes.First of all, the most common kind of paper is ordinary office supplies. These are the traditional paper, which is the basic commodity used by any company to prepare business documents. It has an advantage over the online versions because of its durability and its flexibility. It can be used as an ordinary bulk, normal printing, standard printer, line printer, dot matrix printer, screen printer and fax.Next to the paper is the material used in printing the message. The standard paper used f or printing the text type is the thermal paper. This is the cheapest type of paper but it has the disadvantage of being lightweight and hard to write with. It cannot withstand heat and it may easily tear.Laser paper is the next alternative. It has good durability and it can withstand heat and fire. Moreover, this is the most energy efficient type of paper and it lasts longer.Laser paper has other advantages over the thermal paper. It can be better than thermal paper when it comes to sensitivity, making it a more appropriate choice for those who need speed and accuracy. Besides, the accuracy of the writer does not depend on the usage or how long the paper is used.Another kind of paper is the heavy-duty paper, which is used to transport documents between offices. It is cheaper compared to the ordinary type of paper and can survive the working temperature. It is the ideal choice for shipping and delivery needs.Lastly, a combination of the above kinds of paper is used in manufacturing t he rolls of paper, which are used in envelopes and the rolls of paper used for copying. It can survive high temperatures and it is a durable product. It is also very flexible and it can be used to reproduce different forms of document, which can be found in different shapes and sizes.

Analysis Al Khawaja V UK - Free Essay Example

Hearsay rule is among the remarkable rules of the law of evidence which was first developed in English-speaking countries during the second half of the eighteenth and the first years of the nineteenth century. The admissibility of hearsay evidence has been a controversial issue while some people asserted that it should be abolished. In fact, segregates those statements which possess high probative value from hearsay evidence as exceptions of hearsay will undoubtedly fit the development tendency of history. Remove the hearsay evidence completely could somehow go against the effectiveness of fact-finding. Meanwhile, unadmissible of hearsay could lead to dismissal of appeal when the fact in issue can reached the right conclusion by applying hearsay evidence. Since the new provision of hearsay evidence rule in the Criminal Justice Act 2003 finally came into force for the purpose of criminal proceeding, it is widely believed that the trend of hearsay rule began with excluded h earsay, set up exceptions of hearsay, restricted the exceptions and to extended the exceptions. Thus, development in hearsay rule had consequently gave rise to the difficulty of applications. Hearsay rule is one the oldest and prominent exclusionary rules of evidence in common law yet also the most complicated  [2]  . Instead of concerned with the detail of hearsay exceptions the ultimate purpose of this article is to criticize the admission of deceased witness written statement as decisive evidence in the case of Al-Khawaja v United Kingdom. The principal argument raised by the appellants was that, the conviction involved an infringement of the right to a fair trial under art.6, as the admission of hearsay evidence were based solely or to a decisive degree on the convictions, therefore, unsafe.  [3]  In this case the defendant was charged with two counts of indecent assault, one of the complainants (known as S.T) had died before the trial. During the trial the written st atement from S.T that she made to the police prior to her death had been taken into account as decisive evidence against the appellant.There are thousands of assumptions that the defence lawyer could make against an untested written statement. In this case, the credibility of the deceased written statement which had been considered as sole or decisive degree of statement remained to be proved. Assume that the written statement had made under intimidation or for some purposes as to incriminate the appellant, the veracity of the police report remained to be proved. Obviously, the appellant would not able to testify the origin of the statement unless he got the opportunity to confront with the witness himself. However, the problem here was the witness was deceased person and it was unjustifiable if the appellant appealed for the breach of right of confrontation. It is generally believed that a forceful direct evidence could lead to a guilty verdict but there was a doubt if the appel lant could be sentenced with only a piece of hearsay evidence which it admissibility have been questioned for centuries. Therefore, to some extend people believed that if written statements considered as first-hand hearsay, it was undoubtedly that a written statement made by deceased witness to the police which was then being read out in the court should be considered as second-hand hearsay. Ironically, in this case the appellant received a 12 months imprisonment on count two, but a 15 months imprisonment on count one (which involved deceased witnesss statement) which was 3 months longer than a charge with direct witnesses evidence! When traced back to the trial, the court stated that ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦We should also say that overall the evidence against the appellant was very strong. We were wholly unpersuaded that the verdicts were unsafe.  [4]   The word overall here meant the evidence from other witnesses in count two and the only evidence in this count whic h was a deceased written statement. Some people would have question on whether the two counts were separated and whether the evidence on count two was also the evidence on count one since the paragraph 10 of Al-Khawaja v United Kingdom (26766/05) indicated that The jury heard evidence from a number of different witnesses and the defence were given the opportunity to cross-examine other witnesses who had produced similar fact evidence, including the second complainant who had produced supportive evidenceÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦Ã‚  [5]  . In this case, the appeal court should not hold that the evidence in count two was sufficient to corroborate the complainer and refused the accused appeal. As the involvement in an earlier offence is irrelevant to proof of involvement in a latter one  [6]  . In Delta v France  [7]  , the applicant was convicted of robbery and his conviction was solely based on the written statements of the victim to the police. The accused complai ned that the conviction was in the contrary of paragraphs (1) and (3) (d) of the Article 6  [8]  and he had not had a fair trial. Beside the statements made by the two witnesses to the police, the evidence taken by the Paris Criminal Court and Court of Appeal was not based on any other evidence. The Commission, therefore, concluded unanimously that there had been a breach of paragraph (3) (d) of Article 6 taken together with paragraph (1). Also at the paragraph 40 of Lucà   v Italy  [9]  suggested that where the defendant had no opportunity to question the witness whether during the investigation or at any stage of the trial, the statement must not allowed to be read as sole or decisive evidence against the defendant. From other similar cases Unterpertinger v Austria  [10]  , Kostovski v Netherlands  [11]  , and Saidi v France  [12]  in European Court of Human Rights, the Court upheld the applicants arguments that they had been denied fair trials on the basis of violation of Article 6(3)(d). In all of these cases, the out-of-court statements constituted the only evidence, or an important part of the evidence, against the applicant. The Court had reached to a same conclusion that, if the conviction relied to a large extent on untested witnesses evidence, in these circumstances, the use of this evidence involved such limitations on the rights of the defence that applicant cannot be said to have received a fair trial. There had thus been an violation of paragraph (3)(d), taken together with the paragraph (1), of Article 6. Some scholars believed that the prima facie exclusion of hearsay at common law rested on the generalisation that such evidence is potentially afflicted by dangers of misunderstanding or distortion in transmission or receipt, by the fact that the original maker of the statement was almost certainly not under oath and by the difficulty of challenging the truth or accuracy of a hearsay assertion when the person repeating it to the court has no real knowledge of its truth  [13]  . The same principle was used in Sealey v. Trinidad and Tobago  [14]  , Lord Hutton had adopted this passage from Blackstones Criminal Practice 2002: [I]n the ordinary course of events, where the identifying witness has testified adequately against the accused at trial, the pre-trial identification serves to prove his consistency and his ability to make an identification under fair and objective circumstances. It is admissible, in other words, by way of an exception to the rule against previous consistent statements ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦. If the police officer who supervised the identification parade is called to testify as to the identification, he can do so only in support of the identifying witness. His testimony cannot go to the issue of the accuseds guilt, because he has no first-hand knowledge of itÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦Ã‚  [15]  . As what had illustrated above, it is showed that there is a risk to an unsafe conviction of relying solely or decisively on an untested hearsay evidence. However, it is better to put hearsay evidence in a supporting or corroboration position when it came into conviction. In other words, hearsay evidence should be banned on playing a role as the only evidence to a conviction as it admissibility would consequently lead to the infringement of the accused right to a fair trial under Article 6(1). Always bear in mind that a criminal conviction may never rest solely or to a decisive degree on the untested evidence of an absent witness  [16]  . Also in this case, the appellant complained that the admission of witness statements in evidence at his respective criminal trials had breached his right under the European Convention on Human Rights 1950 article 6 where he had had no opportunity to cross-examine the witness. Right to confrontation is a right of the defendant to examine or have examined witnesses against him to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him. Different from Article 6(3) (d) of the European Convention on Human Rights 1950, Section 116(2) of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 permits hearsay statements to be admitted where the declarant is unavailable to testify as a witness for one or more of the five designated reasons: death, physical or mental illness, absence abroad, disappearance, and fear. For this reason it could not be denied that there was no violation on article 6(3)(d) since S.T the witness had died before the trial. However, it must be admitted that by the same time the appellant losing his opportunity of challenging the deceased statement, he was also losing his opportunity to defence himself from adverse evidence. Obviously, it was advantageous for the prosecution to persuade the jury with deceased statement as they did not know the admission of the statement would ultimately brought disadvantage to the ap pellant  [17]  . As a result, the appellant was in double losses situation, while the prosecution was in double wins. It could not be said that the appellant had received a fair trial. In this situation, the prosecution would need to make every effort to present any other evidence against the appellant instead of taking the deceased statements as the only evidence in this case. It is clearly that the conviction was indiscreet yet not persuasive enough. Another issue arose in this case was that whether the deceased statement could prove the case beyond reasonable doubt as a sole and decisive evidence. In practice there may be objected that where hearsay evidence is the only evidence it would indeed have to prove the issue beyond the reasonable doubt. The English legal system always regarded as the paradigm of the adversarial system. In criminal cases, the state is a party; the accused is far less able to influence matters than the defendant in a civil case. Witnesses for the p rosecution are not in the position of the plaintiff as they may not choose whether or not to proceed, and they cannot select the charge. Meanwhile the most important is the prosecution carries the burden of proof and the accused is presumed innocent until proved.  [18]  J.Jackson takes the plea of guilty as an example, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦adversary procedure is not concerned with the truth of the material facts but only the truth of facts put in issue by the accused. As a result pleas of guilty, if considered voluntary, are not investigatedÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦Ã‚  [19]   It is believed that unless there is sufficient of evidence to support the conviction otherwise the defendant cannot be convicted. Also when looking at the Scotland criminal law there is a corroboration rule that required each piece of evidence should be confirmed or supported or strengthened by other evidence before the case can go to the jury. And of course the question is that wheth er the two evidences can back each other up. There is a real risk that an innocent person may be convicted unless the evidence against the accused is confirmed by other evidence.  [20]  As in Bisset v Anderson  [21]  , Lord Clyde expressly disapproved a statement by Lord Cooper that : the evidence of a single witness, however credible, is insufficient at common law to establish the truth of any essential fact required for a criminal conviction. Also Lord Justice-Clerk Thomson summed up the law on corroboration in Gillespie v Macmillan  [22]  as follows: I do not think that the sufficiency of proof of a criminal charge can be any more precisely defined than by saying that there must be facts emanating from at least two separate and independent sources. Although some scholars want to reject the corroboration rule because of the number of guilty people it allowed to escape and as it put an additional strain on scarce that it lengthens trials  [23]  , some believed that it is better that ten guilty persons escape than one innocent suffer  [24]  , the standard of proof required is beyond the reasonable doubt. Justice has long arms, as long as the crime happened there is always other factors tending to identify the accused as the offender. However in this case we can see, when satisfied the need on interest of justice (closed the case in short time, avoided from lengthy trial) , on the other hand there came miscarriage of justice(put a man into jail with one piece of unconvincing deceased statement). Many would have doubted that whether the ultimate purpose of the legislation is to find the truth or just to shorten the length of trial. Above all, there are three requirements for admissibility under any of the hearsay exceptions,(a)proof of admissibility ;(b)credibility of the maker of a statement and (c) warning the jury. In regard of admissibility of the hearsay, the court should hear oral evidence on oath about the cause of the witnesss unav ailability. Medical report should be read out in the court by prosecution or defence lawyer, if the witness is a deceased person. If there is disputed issue on admissibility during the trial, the judge has the right to ask for corroborative evidence. In deciding on the admissibility of a document, inferences may be draw from the face of the document about the personal knowledge of the person who supplied the information, the purpose of the document and its provenance  [25]  . In this case, neither the accused nor his lawyer had an opportunity to challenge with the authenticity of the deceased statements, the statements was then read out in the court without any convincing proof whether when and where and under what situation had it been taken. It remained a question if the statement was made under abetment of the police who was then presented the evidence on the court. Secondly, if a statement is admitted for a hearsay purpose under the provisions of the Criminal Justice Act 200 3 and the maker of the statement does not give oral evidence in connection with the subject matter of the statement, s124(2) permits evidence to be adduced which, had he given evidence, would have been admissible as relevant to his credit  [26]  . The judge should stop the case if the prosecution relies wholly or mostly on a hearsay evidence that is unpersuasive and obviously unfair to the party. In this case, the maker of the statement was the victim who made the statement before the trial prior to her death, the credibility of the maker was somehow reliable and should not be doubted. Thirdly, when evidence is admitted for a hearsay purpose, in trials on indictment the judge should give the jury a warning which, points out to the jury the absence of opportunity to cross-examine the declarant  [27]  . In this case, the judge directed the members of the jury, on two separate occasions, as to how they should regard the read statement of the deceased complainant. However, none of them concerned about the confrontation right of the accused. It was considered unjustifiable. To sum up, after the 19th century, the changes in exceptions of hearsay rules has showed an increasing trend, plenty of hearsay exceptions have been established while the strict and rigid rules of hearsay no longer exists. To some extent, the complicity of hearsay exceptions made hearsay rules the most complex exclusionary rules of evidence in common law countries. In order to prevent the misused of right to confrontation which might caused inefficiency and delay of litigation, it is reasonable to impose restrictions on it. Section 116 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 creates an exception to the hearsay rule for statements made by witnesses who are unavailable. It applies where the witness is unavailable for any one of five listed reasons: death, physical or mental illness, absence abroad, disappearance, and fear  [28]  , which means the defendants right to confrontation has not b een infringed under those five conditions. On the other hand, the premises of hearsay evidence are its credibility and necessity, however, it is all depends on the discretionary power of judge to direct an acquittal or discharge the jury because of the unconvincing hearsay evidence. Consequently, in the increasing of hearsay exception, the power of judge to direct the admissibility of hearsay rules became more flexible. Besides, the evidence of one witness will not in any case be sufficient. When these sorts of evidence are presented there is a natural tendency to look for other evidence from a different source which points forwards the same conclusion.  [29] In short, in trials on indictment, if the court is satisfied at any time after the close of the prosecution case that the case against a defendant is based wholly or partly on an out-of-court statement which is so unconvincing that, considering its importance to the case against the defendant, his conviction would be so unsafe, the judge must either direct the jury to acquit the defendant or discharge the jury and order a retrial.  [30]